I read somewhere that a ristretto shot is 3/4oz. pulled in 25 seconds. Some times, like this morning I pull a shot thats ground too fine/ tamped too tight. The resulting shot is shy to appearer. Some times I think I've stalled the pump. After about eight seconds the first drops start to come. The whole shot might take upward of forty seconds! But the small (less than 3/4oz.) shot of nectar is very delicious, rich, Chocolate, berries, citrus. What do the coffee geeks call this kind of shot? Am I the only one who enjoys it? Try it Mikey, you might like it.