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Blade Sharpness Research Project

I found the alignment of subjective reviews with data very surprising at first, but I am getting used to the idea. My first instinct isn't to trust the memory and subjective impressions of humans.
I'd take a single user's review of a blade with a huge grain of salt for that reason. Even a few users, since there's going to be a selection bias in who replies to a review, and some confirmation bias as well. But most of the popular blades, there's quite a consensus that's developed over time. Pretty much everyone who's tried a Feather agrees it's a sharp blade, even if they didn't like it.

Are you measuring the thickness of the blades when you do this? The reason I am asking is if you did and you measured the bevel width you could get the bevel angle as well.
Would that work if there's 2 bevels though?
 
Yes, but no. The Personna comfort coated blades are still being made, but this particular blade came from a box with a 2013 manufacture date, back when Energizer still owned the brand. The current blades are made in the same factory, and they are still a great blade, but to my face the older Energizer era blades felt significantly smoother.
Will be scouring eBay for some!
 
Wow, what a great thread! Thank you for such detailed information and testing.

If I understand correctly, BIC wasn’t rated at feather level sharpness from the second shave on, like another site previously measured. Could that be from batch variation?

May I leave some suggestions for future analysis?

Astra SS (maybe Russia vs India?)
Derby extra
Treet platinum
Lord platinum
Tiger platinum (scratchy and harsh blade for me)

Again, great thread!
 
I am not measuring thickness because I found that most blades are 0.10mm thick on my calipers. I just checked a bunch, and some of them are 0.11mm as well. You could probably scale the uncropped microscopic images without much trouble at all, since I have been taking all of them at the same magnification. All you would need to do is take a picture of a known object and scale it. I would want to get some micrometers to get to 0.001mm on the thickness if I were going to attempt it. And as mentioned above, a secondary bevel doesn't work out very well. Even if you could do the geometry, a lot of the double beveled blades have a jagged transition between the bevels.
 
I just found some vintage Merkur blades I bought probably 15 years ago. Would be an interesting test.

That would be interesting. I know current Mekur blades tend to get bashed quite a bit, but when I purchased a Merkur Futur ~15 years ago, the razor came with a tuck of blades and I remember them being decently sharp and very smooth. Not too dissimilar to the older Personna @helicopter just tested.
 
That would be interesting. I know current Mekur blades tend to get bashed quite a bit, but when I purchased a Merkur Futur ~15 years ago, the razor came with a tuck of blades and I remember them being decently sharp and very smooth. Not too dissimilar to the older Personna @helicopter just tested.
I have at least one Merkur here I could test. I didn't really love the one I tried, and certainly wouldn't stock up on it at its price. I like the current issue Feather and Personna way better, if I am going to get a new blade from a high cost location.

The post-test Energizer Personna did produce a comfortable and clean shave. I am not going to scour the internet for more of them, though; I am quite happy with the new one.
 
I have at least one Merkur here I could test. I didn't really love the one I tried, and certainly wouldn't stock up on it at its price. I like the current issue Feather and Personna way better, if I am going to get a new blade from a high cost location.

The post-test Energizer Personna did produce a comfortable and clean shave. I am not going to scour the internet for more of them, though; I am quite happy with the new one.

Same here with regard to the current Personnas. I recently purchased a box with a "bonus" of 20 extra blades for a total of 120. Between those and a recently purchased 100 pac of bics, I think I'm set for the next several years.

I am really surprised though to find that the current Personnas are second only to the Feathers in sharpness. I find Feathers harsh and irritating to my skin but the Personnas to be really smooth. I think it just goes to show what a difference those PTFE and other coatings can make for some people. That said, it's probably been 20 years since I last tried a feather. My face is more leather than baby butt these days, so I may have to give them a whirl again sometime.
 
I am not measuring thickness because I found that most blades are 0.10mm thick on my calipers. I just checked a bunch, and some of them are 0.11mm as well. You could probably scale the uncropped microscopic images without much trouble at all, since I have been taking all of them at the same magnification. All you would need to do is take a picture of a known object and scale it. I would want to get some micrometers to get to 0.001mm on the thickness if I were going to attempt it. And as mentioned above, a secondary bevel doesn't work out very well. Even if you could do the geometry, a lot of the double beveled blades have a jagged transition between the bevels.
You could use a 0.01mm microscope camera calibration slide (stage micrometer) for the bevel length measurement. They are very affordable and you just put them in the view with what you want to measure under your microscope.

Yes for thickness you do need a micrometer. A caliper would not be accurate enough.

Indeed there are several limitations regarding this and some are more difficult to deal with than others. Secondary bevel and rough bevels certainly is difficult to deal with. I do not want to add to your work load regarding this. No need to worry about it.
 
Wow, what a great thread! Thank you for such detailed information and testing.

If I understand correctly, BIC wasn’t rated at feather level sharpness from the second shave on, like another site previously measured. Could that be from batch variation?

May I leave some suggestions for future analysis?

Astra SS (maybe Russia vs India?)
Derby extra
Treet platinum
Lord platinum
Tiger platinum (scratchy and harsh blade for me)

Again, great thread!
I measured the Russian one when I was developing my protocol for the PT50A tester. It was nothing special compared to the Indian one; not quite as sharp. I couldn't really tell a difference shaving with them. They are similar enough that many blades show bigger differences between batches, and some show bigger difference between the two edges. I will probably do it again at some point to get it back on the chart, but I want to prioritize blades that are still in production for now. I feel I have already looked closely enough to determine there is no need to run out and stock up on the Russian one before supplies dry up. The Indian one is fine.
 
I have at least one Merkur here I could test. I didn't really love the one I tried, and certainly wouldn't stock up on it at its price. I like the current issue Feather and Personna way better, if I am going to get a new blade from a high cost location.

The post-test Energizer Personna did produce a comfortable and clean shave. I am not going to scour the internet for more of them, though; I am quite happy with the new one.
I just shaved with the vintage Merkur on the R41. 2 passes, good but not great. Not as smooth as the Treet Dura Sharp but that might be because I hadn’t worn through the coating on the Treet. Might be a bit too sharp for an aggressive razor.
 
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I measured the widely available Van Der Hagen Basics super stainless blade today. It looks better on the chart than it actually is, due to having a variance between its two edges. One of the edges was quite dull, but durable and consistent. The other edge, was less dull, but also less durable and consistent. Overall it seems better than the other dull blades I have tested, and it has a finely ground bevel that looks smooth under a microscope. It might be a good blade for a beginner since it won't dive into the skin like a sharper blade, and it is more consistent and durable than other dull blades.

It has nice packaging; perfect, really. Parchment under glossy printed paper and a glossy tuck with ten blades in it.

1000008169.jpg


1000008171.jpg


The edge looks very nice. It is finely and evenly ground and deeply honed. The coating is reasonably even and applied to only the distal part of the bevel.

1000008175.jpg


After testing, it has typical very fine chipping, but looks above average overall. The good condition probably has more to do with the gentle blade geometry than it does with great steel, but the chipping is fine so the steel is probably decent. This blade might last a long time if you don't mind dullness.

1000008178.jpg


Information Summary:

Date7/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/24
BladeVan Der HagenBasicsSuper StainlessChina~2023
Shaves0P3P6P9P12
LocationBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/Top
MediumStren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29
Dulling SubstrateNewStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr Push
Measurements3030303030
Std. Dev.1814151414
Median F (g)9492.59499107
Mean F (g) Btm100979599102
Mean F (g) Top828997102107
Mean F (g)919396101104
BESS Adj. Factor0.830.830.830.830.83
Av. Adj. F (g) Bt8380798285
Av. Adj. F (g) Top6874808589
Median adj. F (g)7877788289
Mean adj. F (g)7677808487

1721234077470.png

Complete Data:

Date7/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/24
BladeVan Der HagenBasicsSuper StainlessChina~2023
Shaves0P3P6P9P12
LocationBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/Top
MediumStren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29
Dulling SubstrateNewStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr Push
Measurements3030303030
Std. Dev.1814151414
Median F (g)9492.59499107
Mean F (g) Btm100979599102
Mean F (g) Top828997102107
Mean F (g)919396101104
F (g) 1971049082100
F (g) 2941098810991
F (g) 391111909095
F (g) 49981103104113
F (g) 5948710410091
F (g) 6117841219477
F (g) 71101079493115
F (g) 869919086112
F (g) 99411010910088
F (g) 1095937112186
F (g) 11941147891108
F (g) 1210292111107102
F (g) 131189185111142
F (g) 1410494102114100
F (g) 15128849481107
F (g) 16905997124112
F (g) 17107859412488
F (g) 18638189106123
F (g) 19871158587109
F (g) 2076711228288
F (g) 2185799681111
F (g) 226569119115118
F (g) 23938968111117
F (g) 241039611798110
F (g) 25779410998107
F (g) 26701177992101
F (g) 2778969011887
F (g) 281118211797122
F (g) 294695103117101
F (g) 30751026987113

I don't really like it when there is an important difference in performance between the top and bottom edges of a blade, but if you need to get some blades and this is the only one available, or you have some because they came with a razor, it isn't a terrible blade and it may give you a chance to try a blade that isn't too sharp.
 
This afternoon, we have the Gutche blade from China. This blade has a foil "net" over the edge that is supposed to protect your skin from it. I think it actually does work, but not very well, and that the blade itself is remarkably dull. It can't be pushed through paper at normal forces, because the protective net isn't sharp. I ended up slicing the paper. It was like a saw going through it. I don't know if this worked, but it doesn't really matter. This is not a blade I would take seriously. Although I am not set up to measure it properly, because it hits the dull spots and slides onto the sharp spots, there isn't a subset of points on the blade that is reasonably sharp anyway. I suspect the main feature of this blade is a wide and dull bevel, and the foil net is a secondary feature. I did shave with it, and it produced a DFS with no irritation in about 6 passes using a Rex Sentry slant. I didn't know it was possible to end up without a raw BBS face doing 6 passes with the Sentry, but it is.

It comes in a tuck of ten blades. Since the edge is already protected, it doesn't need waxed paper. So, they just fold it up in fiber paper, badly. It doesn't really matter though.

1000008182.jpg


1000008181.jpg


1000008190.jpg


Look at this! It really is like the pictures in the ad on Ali Express! I think there is a vintage blade of similar construction, but I think I threw it out a long time ago.

Zoomed out to show this.

1000008184.jpg


1000008186.jpg


Closer:

1000008187.jpg


1000008189.jpg


Crazy. The bevel itself looks alright. Super shallow grind. Even scratches, lots of honing, and even coating.

After testing, the coating is partly gone, and it is smoothed a bit. It doesn't seem to have worn much, so the net is doing what it is supposed to do.

1000008195.jpg

Information Summary:

Date7/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/24
BladeGutcheSuper Stainless6Cr13China~2023
Shaves0P3P6P9P12
LocationBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/Top
MediumStren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29
Dulling SubstrateNewPaper slice inchesPaper slice inchesPaper slice inchesPaper slice inches
Measurements3030303030
Std. Dev.4546364140
Median F (g)125130.5134138148
Mean F (g) Btm139158143145152
Mean F (g) Top138129139153152
Mean F (g)138143141149152
BESS Adj. Factor0.830.830.830.830.83
Av. Adj. F (g) Bt115131119120126
Av. Adj. F (g) Top114107116127126
Median adj. F (g)104108111115123
Mean adj. F (g)115119117123126

1721249838404.png

Complete Data:
Date7/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/24
BladeGutcheSuper Stainless6Cr13China~2023
Shaves0P3P6P9P12
LocationBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/Top
MediumStren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29
Dulling SubstrateNewPaper slice inchesPaper slice inchesPaper slice inchesPaper slice inches
Measurements3030303030
Std. Dev.4546364140
Median F (g)125130.5134138148
Mean F (g) Btm139158143145152
Mean F (g) Top138129139153152
Mean F (g)138143141149152
F (g) 1125228234120158
F (g) 2127131137168127
F (g) 3128152120132122
F (g) 4125179105145112
F (g) 5115120136120210
F (g) 6209112133208154
F (g) 713689153138120
F (g) 823312711511492
F (g) 9138206108109216
F (g) 10143217147138141
F (g) 11112223120210142
F (g) 12151225133143172
F (g) 13114148135143232
F (g) 14103114147137154
F (g) 15120103218144122
F (g) 169910895192106
F (g) 1721896106134213
F (g) 1889156108213163
F (g) 19179138158100115
F (g) 20111135190101156
F (g) 2121490133222108
F (g) 229710114922188
F (g) 23228208125128129
F (g) 247994146117133
F (g) 2519121291154206
F (g) 26108107118166140
F (g) 2783109190228156
F (g) 28156107156123169
F (g) 2910713911188204
F (g) 30109130215101197

Take these measurements with a grain of salt. The comparability of this data to other blades tested is somewhat poor. I am leaving it on the chart, though. Those dull spots were there and I measured them. No way the slicing damaged the blade more than the push test did other blades, so I don't think its unfair, it is just a different animal.
 
This evening, we have another Chinese blade, the Jifuli Platinum Edge Stainless Steel blade GF-4395 from Baolai Razor Co. Ltd. This blade is below average in almost every way, without being terrible in any way. It is somewhat dull, somewhat inconsistent, chips more than other blades when it fails, but might be acceptable for a while if you don't need a sharp blade and aren't too picky. It isn't a good value when Flydear is available. It comes in a nice tuck of ten blades. The individual blades are marked "10 pieces" because they recycled the graphics from the tuck. The blade is double wrapped, but the outer paper is thin, neither paper is coated, and there are no wax dots.

1000008204.jpg


1000008206.jpg


It looks acceptable under a microscope. The primary bevel has some small scratches and some big ones, like they used inconsistent abrasives to grind it. There are even some grinding scratches up on the side of the blade. The honing looks deep and even. The coating looks thin and a little uneven. Nothing good; nothing terrible. I think I forgot the 2x digital zoom on this one.

1000008208.jpg



On the finished blade, there is some heavy chipping. This steel isn't durable, but it made it through two paper cuts alright. You can see the scratches proximal to the bevel better in this photo. Those were there when the blade was new; It is just a different location from the other picture.

1000008214.jpg


Information Summary:

Date7/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/24
BladeJifuliPlatinum EdgeStainlessBaolai GF-4395~2023
Shaves0P3P6P9P12
LocationBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/Top
MediumStren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29
Dulling SubstrateNewStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr Push
Measurements3030303030
Std. Dev.1112151313
Median F (g)8389.584.5101.5106.5
Mean F (g) Btm82919399111
Mean F (g) Top818787101100
Mean F (g)818990100105
BESS Adj. Factor0.830.830.830.830.83
Av. Adj. F (g) Bt6876778392
Av. Adj. F (g) Top6772728483
Median adj. F (g)6974708488
Mean adj. F (g)6874748387

1721270869094.png


Complete Data:

Date7/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/24
BladeJifuliPlatinum EdgeStainlessBaolai GF-4395~2023
Shaves0P3P6P9P12
LocationBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/Top
MediumStren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29
Dulling SubstrateNewStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr Push
Measurements3030303030
Std. Dev.1112151313
Median F (g)8389.584.5101.5106.5
Mean F (g) Btm82919399111
Mean F (g) Top818787101100
Mean F (g)818990100105
F (g) 18998859099
F (g) 28988104135109
F (g) 383808492110
F (g) 49011380110108
F (g) 57810211398105
F (g) 6817596105108
F (g) 785117105104134
F (g) 8105739796127
F (g) 9891129189105
F (g) 107182103105111
F (g) 1186896089102
F (g) 1264671137889
F (g) 13768481106115
F (g) 14899792102118
F (g) 1548928492122
F (g) 1669747993105
F (g) 1777897384119
F (g) 1871668182103
F (g) 197590738688
F (g) 2088928311390
F (g) 21807671109111
F (g) 22919110610987
F (g) 2383828386108
F (g) 2488988811891
F (g) 257990110103114
F (g) 26768982109100
F (g) 2788937211479
F (g) 28959210389101
F (g) 298589116101112
F (g) 3072917812185

I was hoping this blade would be better, but if you already have it, it might be acceptable.
 

Attachments

  • 1000008209.jpg
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    1.2 MB · Views: 5
Today, I measured the Derby Extra Super Stainless green blade. It is not very sharp, but nicely honed and quite durable and consistent. It comes in one of those plastic tucks. The blades are wrapped in a single piece of waxed paper with some wax to keep them centered.

1000008278.jpg


The description of this coating is elaborate: "Chromium-Ceramic Platinum Tungsten Polymer."

1000008279.jpg


1000008281.jpg


The blade looks nice under a microscope. It has a moderately even grind on the primary bevel and a finely honed secondary bevel. It looks smooth. It has a thin and even coating.

1000008283.jpg


After testing, the bevels are smoothed out, the coating is gone, and there are some dents along the apex. This is one of the relatively resilient edges that doesn't chip as much as most razor blades.

1000008286.jpg


Information Summary:

Date7/20/247/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/24
BladeDerby ExtraSuper StainlessCr-cer-Pt-W-poly
~2023
Shaves0P3P6P9P12
LocationBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/Top
MediumStren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29
Dulling SubstrateNewStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr Push
Measurements3030303030
Std. Dev.1097127
Median F (g)85.58598103102
Mean F (g) Btm948598102103
Mean F (g) Top818298103105
Mean F (g)878498102104
BESS Adj. Factor0.830.830.830.830.83
Av. Adj. F (g) Bt7871818486
Av. Adj. F (g) Top6768818687
Median adj. F (g)7171818685
Mean adj. F (g)7370818587

1721519036365.png


Complete Data:

Date7/20/247/17/247/17/247/17/247/17/24
BladeDerby ExtraSuper StainlessCr-cer-Pt-W-poly
~2023
Shaves0P3P6P9P12
LocationBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/TopBottom/Top
MediumStren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29Stren 8 .29
Dulling SubstrateNewStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr PushStpl Ppr Rubr Push
Measurements3030303030
Std. Dev.1097127
Median F (g)85.58598103102
Mean F (g) Btm948598102103
Mean F (g) Top818298103105
Mean F (g)878498102104
F (g) 198859212195
F (g) 2967693107100
F (g) 3848795100101
F (g) 4958710010395
F (g) 598899698102
F (g) 696759793102
F (g) 71027510693108
F (g) 81019310591105
F (g) 99679100110100
F (g) 101039110492101
F (g) 1179999198106
F (g) 12859398103101
F (g) 1388798794103
F (g) 1410166103128114
F (g) 15861089692118
F (g) 169384108105100
F (g) 17816592101106
F (g) 1880849880103
F (g) 197380908196
F (g) 2079859210997
F (g) 21919410111499
F (g) 228585108104110
F (g) 23848110595101
F (g) 24907585116120
F (g) 25829084126117
F (g) 2676749810799
F (g) 2775869210597
F (g) 28727098105110
F (g) 298088113109120
F (g) 30758810288105

If you like blades that are smooth and not especially sharp, I recommend trying this one, along with the Chinese Van Der Hagen Basics blade. They are quite similar in terms of sharpness and durability, though this one is double-beveled, so it might feel smoother.
 
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