According to my experience these little 'burs' of skin (I say burs because they remind me of the little burs of timber fibres that stand up when applying shellac finish) are a result of a high shave angle. They definitely occur during the ATG pass and I believe it's because the razor is catching the hair and dragging it through the skin before cutting it due to the higher angle. Applying a little pressure may result in the blade also catching the skin and allowing the hair to tear some of it out and create a little bur.
I like the term. Although I've never seen them shaving, I have seen them in woodworking when using shellac like you mentioned. I've always called them "nibs". When I'm finishing a piece of furniture with shellac, my first step is go over the whole piece with just denatured alcohol to raise the grain. Then I quickly sand all the raised "burrs" back down to 220, and then I apply the shellac. In my mind it creates a smoother finish and better shellac penetration, but it's probably just my imagination. Maybe I'll use some alcohol based aftershave as a pre-shave to see just how far the analogy can be extended to shaving...
I agree with your explanation of what's happening, and where the shaving nib's come from. I don't remember ever seeing them before though. I'm not sure if that's because I was at a higher angle than usual, or if my other razors simply aren't aggressive enough to produce them. It was surprising to see, I can tell you that!