That's the stuff TobyC.
Nothing too subtle for us Kiwis.
Hi,Hello,
white residue could be soap residue or limescale.
On razors soap residue can be dissolved with hot water and some dishwashing liquid.
For limescale I use bathroom cleaners.
With old brushes, just dump the knot.
If for some reason you want to keep the old knot, try to repeatedly wash it with hair conditioning shampoo (the 2in1 type with conditioner).
With a new brush, rinsing it after every use elongates the soap buildup.
Adam