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Cell Rot PSA: Smell Your Scales

Steve56

Ask me about shaving naked!
Gentlemen,

This is a tale of two razors, cell rot, and getting a nasty surprise which fortunately turned out relatively well. When cellulose scales go, they can go very quickly.

The two razors are an especially nice Especial, bought from one of the Spanish eBay vendors, and a Tuckmar Welt-Ruf, also an eBay acquisition. Both were acquired about 3-4 years ago. When I got the Especial, I noted that there was a sour smell to the scales, a bad sign, but Especials are gen 1 Filarmonicas with Bakelite scales that don’t decompose. Unless someone has replaced them….. The Tuckmar was a user razor at a cheap price and when I got it, there was a little bend in the blade at the toe, dropped or banged on the sink maybe. I honed up the both, but set the Tuckmar aside in favor of other razors. It resided in an oak barber’s razor box with other razors.

I kept an eye on the Especial, never comfortable with the sour smell, though over a year or so there were no signs of corrosion. But eventually I contacted Alfredo about a scale swap and sent him both razors. He couldn’t smell the sour smell, but does say that his nose is not sensitive. so the scales were swapped and everything is fine for another couple of years and I checked the Tuckmar when I changed the razors in the box or cleaned and waxed the box. Never saw any corrosion, but yesterday, here is what I saw, and I’d probably looked at the razor about 6 months before. The vinegar smell was pronounced and the scales were actually deforming and changing shape the way advanced cell rot does. So these scales had stayed at least somewhat stable for 2-3 years, then ‘exploded’ in just a few months.

The Especial that dodged the bullet is shown below, any visible marks are just reflections, the blade is very clean and the gold in good shape. If not for my unease at their original smell, the nice Especial might look like the poor user Tuckmar. That said, I’m sure that the original Tuckmar scales that are now on the Especial are cellulose too, so I’m still looking for more stable replacements for the Filly and have a sheet of black Bakelite on the way, and black horn would also be an excellent material.

As a side note, none of the other razors in the box are showing any corrosion at all, even though some were only a 1/4” away or so. I usually have Ren Wax on the blades, and I never latched the box lid closed because I know air circulation is a good thing for carbon steel. I chucked a wonky Gold Duller in the Tuckmar’s slot, and if it is undamaged I’ll consider it safe to use.

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I’ve got a razor whose scales gave off a distinct camphor smell (like Vicks vaporub) when I sanded them. Not a good sign. I keep them in a separate drawer away from all my other razors in a ziplock bag with a piece of vci paper, and I check on them frequently. Maybe out in the open with air circulation would be a better idea.

@Steve56 your post is making me nervous. Even though these scales are really pretty, I think I need to bite the bullet and just get them rescaled.
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Let me start by saying, I'm not a chemist. So take this with a grain of salt.

Camphor is part of the manufacturing process of celluloid. It gets combined with nitrocellulose to make a gel which is then compressed. I've sanded stable celluloid scales and gotten that camphor smell. I assume the localized heat and mechanical separation caused by sanding causes it to break down.

However. The first stage of cell rot is for the camphor to separate from the nitrocellulose. So if you have celluloid that is smelling camphory on its own it's likely in the early stages of breakdown. Once the this happens the celluloid gets brittle and shrinks.

The last stage is where it de-nitrates, and with any moisture present will form nitric acid. This smells sour/vinegary/acidic and is what will flash rust your blade. Also moisture can accelerate the early stages of the process too.

Some colors and combinations seem to be a lot more unstable than others for whatever reason. And the manufacturing process wasn't consistent from one factory to the next.

Bakelite stinks if you sand it or rub it, too but it's a very different smell. Hard rubber too.
 
Some colors and combinations seem to be a lot more unstable than others for whatever reason. And the manufacturing process wasn't consistent from one factory to the next.

This is a critical point. Celluloid is not destined to inevitably offgas at some point; it really is dependent upon how it was manufactured. Owning celluloid scales doesn't necessarily mean you'll have to replace them, it does mean that you will have to monitor them closely.
 
Once the this happens the celluloid gets brittle and shrinks.
My scales have definitely shrunk a little bit. The toe contacts the wedge when I close it, not a lot, but enough that it needs a little extra push to fully close the blade.

Sometimes I get a whiff of camphor if the scales get wet as well. All this tells me it’s time for these scales to go sooner rather than later.
 

Steve56

Ask me about shaving naked!
In film archives, when the prints start to break down they actually call it "vinegar syndrome". When you walk into a quarantine vault that's holding hundreds of them it almost knocks you over.

I remember you posting this before. I wrapped the Tuckmar in aluminum foil overnight, and this morning the vingar smell was potent, didn’t even need to get close to it.

These scales will probably totally disintegrate in a few weeks/months.
 

Legion

OTF jewel hunter
Staff member
I remember you posting this before. I wrapped the Tuckmar in aluminum foil overnight, and this morning the vingar smell was potent, didn’t even need to get close to it.

These scales will probably totally disintegrate in a few weeks/months.
I don't know about totally, but they will be a sticky mess.
 

Steve56

Ask me about shaving naked!
I had some Geneva scales that were going off, salvaged the razor though. I put the scales in a ziplock bag and in a few months they weren’t recognizable.

Let’s do the same here and document the progression, nothing like a science experiment. I removed the scales and they’re in a zip lock bag. I’ll get some images tomorrow when the light is better.
 

Legion

OTF jewel hunter
Staff member
I had some Geneva scales that were going off, salvaged the razor though. I put the scales in a ziplock bag and in a few months they weren’t recognizable.

Let’s do the same here and document the progression, nothing like a science experiment. I removed the scales and they’re in a zip lock bag. I’ll get some images tomorrow when the light is better.
For a control, you could put one scale in a sealed bag, and leave one with some airflow.


For bonus points, you could put a set of cel acetate scales that are still good in the bag as well, to see if it "catches" the rot.
 
It really is too bad. Had to ditch the scales in a few vintage pieces I found. Would have loved to keep the scales but the blade is more important.

*wildly sniffs all of my razors…*
 

Steve56

Ask me about shaving naked!
Thanks for posting that David, I had no idea such a thing existed. I wonder if they’re sensitive enough that you could put one or two in a container/box and see if one of the razors inside was going off. In this case though, my nose alerted me 2-3 years before failure. I just wish that I’d tossed the scales then.

It really is too bad. Had to ditch the scales in a few vintage pieces I found. Would have loved to keep the scales but the blade is more important.

*wildly sniffs all of my razors…*

I have a friend who has one of those beautiful green-scaled Otto Deutsch Hans razors whose scales are ‘going off’ as was very common with these razors. He loves the scales so much that he stores the razor open and in open air. Will only work so ling though, sooner or later they’ll crumble, hopefully without damaging the blade.
 
I'm of the opinion that all nitrocellulose base scales are going to die sooner or later, and the sooner is here for more unstable formulations.

Shrinkage lengthwise is a definite sign of deterioration, as is brownish or reddish discoloration. An acid smell means they are on the way to corrosive goo.

You will not smell vinegar though, that's the smell of degrading cellulose acetate. Similar problem, but I don't know how many scales are cellulose acetate rather than cellulose nitrate. Bad either way though, as the nitric oxides or acetate molecules are released from the base resin as it deteriorates. Both will trigger further and faster degradation.

UV light is know to accelerate and probably initiate deteroration, so celluloid scales should be protected from UV. Black celluloid seems to be the most resistant to degradation, I would suspect because the black color is carbon black, and that will both protect from UV light and absorb considerable amounts of nitric oxides, at least for a while. Lots of warped black scales out there though, and I personally replace them. Celluloid only shrinks because the camphor is evaporating or the molecular structure is starting to change, and it only changes one way! Camphor stabilized celluloid, and when it's evaporating the base cellulose nitrate will start to go bad.
 
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